Secondary metabolism in simulated microgravity and space flight

Effects of Microgravity: Cardiovascular Baroreflex Adaptation in Space Flight

The avian embryo responding to microgravity of space flight.

Central questions and paradigms of developmental biology have in recent decades evolved to stress gene regulation. (See Moore, 1987 for an excellent review). However, during fertilization and the pre-embryonic cleavage stages, cells of identical genome are responding to multiple microenvironmental factors, e.g., pH, spatial position, temperature, osmotic and barometric pressure, light, electr...

Calcium and bone metabolism during space flight.

Weightlessness induces bone loss. Understanding the nature of this loss and developing means to counteract it are significant challenges to potential human exploration missions. This article reviews the existing information from studies of bone and calcium metabolism conducted during space flight. It also highlights areas where nutrition may play a specific role in this bone loss, and where cou...

Locomotion in simulated and real microgravity: horizontal suspension vs. parabolic flight.

INTRODUCTION The effect of reducing gravity on locomotion has been studied using microgravity analogues. However, there is no known literature comparing locomotion in actual microgravity (AM) to locomotion in simulated microgravity (SM). METHODS Five subjects were tested while walking at 1.34 m x s(-1) and running at 3.13 m x s(-1) on a treadmill during parabolic flight and on a microgravity ...

Alterations in protein metabolism during space flight and inactivity.

Space flight and the accompanying diminished muscular activity lead to a loss of body nitrogen and muscle function. These losses may affect crew capabilities and health in long-duration missions. Space flight alters protein metabolism such that the body is unable to maintain protein synthetic rates. A concomitant hypocaloric intake and altered anabolic/catabolic hormonal profiles may contribute...